Area Converter Tools – Land Area Converters & Agricultural Calculators
Welcome to the Area conversion hub—a complete library of land area converters and agricultural land calculators. Convert between square meters (m²), hectares (ha), acres (ac), square kilometers (km²), square miles (mi²), square feet (ft²), square yards (yd²), and square inches (in²) using exact, standards-based formulas and clear rounding guidance.
These tools are purpose-built for farming, forestry, conservation,
real estate, surveying, and regional planning. Every calculator follows the same, mobile-first layout and returns
instant results. We compute using exact constants—for example, 1 ha = 10,000 m²,
1 acre = 4,046.8564224 m², and 1 km² = 100 ha—then recommend rounding once on output so dashboards, PDFs, emails,
and CSV exports remain perfectly aligned.
If your organization works across borders, keep a single canonical storage unit (m² is a great choice) and derive hectares or acres at the edges for human-friendly presentation. This strategy keeps analytics clean, avoids double-rounding, and ensures a consistent story from internal tools to public portals.
Square Meters to Hectares
m² → ha (1 ha = 10,000 m²).
Hectares to Square Meters
ha → m² (exact metric).
Square Kilometers to Hectares
km² → ha (1 km² = 100 ha).
Hectares to Square Kilometers
ha → km² (exact).
Acres to Hectares
US land → metric (ha).
Hectares to Acres
Metric (ha) → acres.
Acres to Square Meters
ac → m² (1 ac = 4,046.8564224 m²).
Square Meters to Acres
m² → ac (exact).
Acres to Square Feet
ac → ft² (1 ac = 43,560 ft²).
Square Miles to Square Kilometers
mi² → km² (1 mi² ≈ 2.58999 km²).
Square Kilometers to Square Miles
km² → mi².
Square Feet to Square Meters
ft² → m².
Square Meters to Square Feet
m² → ft².
Square Feet to Square Yards
ft² → yd².
Square Feet to Acres
ft² → ac.
Square Yards to Square Feet
yd² → ft².
Square Yards to Square Meters
yd² → m².
Square Meters to Square Yards
m² → yd².
Square Inches to Square Centimeters
in² → cm².
Square Centimeters to Square Inches
cm² → in².
Core Area Conversion Relationships (Land & Agriculture)
-
1 ha = 10,000 m²•1 km² = 100 ha = 1,000,000 m²(exact) -
1 acre = 4,046.8564224 m²•1 acre = 43,560 ft²(international acre) -
1 mi² ≈ 2.58999 km²•1 km² ≈ 0.386102 mi² -
1 yd² = 9 ft²•1 ft² = 144 in²•1 m² = 10,000 cm²
Rounding, Precision & Display Strategy
Convert with full precision internally, then round once at presentation. For public dashboards and news releases, two decimals in hectares or acres usually read well. For permitting or survey annexes, use more decimals appropriate to your measurement quality. Always pair numbers with clear unit symbols in table headers and legends.
Use locale-aware thousands separators and decimals when formatting, but never reduce the underlying numeric fidelity before the final render. Consistent rounding policies prevent subtle discrepancies across maps, PDFs, and exports.
Data Modeling & Developer Tips
Choose a canonical unit such as m² and name columns explicitly: area_m2, area_ha, area_ac, area_km2, and area_ft2. Keep constants in a shared utility, unit-test a small regression table (e.g., 1 ac ↔ 4,046.8564224 m²; 1 km² ↔ 100 ha), and assert both directions to catch accidental changes. When working with geometry, compute polygon areas correctly for your CRS or geodesic method; the unit conversion step is always independent and exact.
Use Cases: From Fields to Regions
- Agriculture & farm budgeting: Field blocks in hectares and acres; input rates per ha/ac; crop summaries per km².
- Conservation & restoration: Habitat extents, rewilding parcels, and monitoring plots summarized in ha and km².
- Real estate & cadastral: Lot sizes in ft² and acres for listings; back-office systems in m² for accuracy.
- Forestry: Stand inventories in ha; landscape reporting in km² and mi² for regional comparisons.
- Public works & planning: Zoning overlays, open-space ratios, and park footprints across metric and US customary units.
Worked Examples
Farm field: A 24.6-ha block is seeded at 180 kg/ha. Total seed = 24.6 × 180 = 4,428 kg. For a partner who thinks in acres, the same field is ≈ 60.78 ac (24.6 ÷ 0.404685642). Keep m²/ha canonical; convert at the edges.
City park: Park polygons total 0.84 km². That’s 84 ha or about 207.6 acres. Headlines can show whole hectares, while technical appendices keep two decimals with a note on the CRS and computation method.
Subdivision lot: A 8,712 ft² lot equals 810.39 m² or 0.200 acres. Listings can show ft² and acres; the assessor keeps m² internally for consistency with GIS.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most important area conversion constants for land use?
Memorize the fixed anchors: 1 ha = 10,000 m²; 1 km² = 100 ha; 1 acre = 4,046.8564224 m² = 43,560 ft²; 1 mi² ≈ 2.58999 km². These definitions are the backbone for land records, farm planning, conservation statistics, and GIS dashboards.
Which unit should I store as my system’s source of truth: m², ha, or acres?
Most teams store square meters (m²) as the canonical SI unit because geometry operations, joins, and analytics are simpler. Present hectares for international audiences and acres for U.S. stakeholders. Convert at the edges and round once at output so PDFs, emails, and exports remain identical.
How should I round land area conversions for public dashboards and legal reports?
Compute in full precision internally, then round once on presentation. For public dashboards, 2–3 decimals in hectares or acres read well; technical annexes may include more digits aligned with survey precision. Publish one rounding policy and apply it everywhere to prevent drift.
What’s the difference between international acre and U.S. survey acre?
This site uses the international acre (exactly 4,046.8564224 m²), which is standard for most use cases. The U.S. survey acre is tied to the survey foot and differs by a few parts per million—relevant for legacy geodetic work but negligible for most planning and real-estate tasks.
Do map projections change the conversion factors between area units?
No. Unit conversions (e.g., acres → m²) are definitions. Projections and geodesic methods affect how you calculate a polygon’s area; once you have an area in m², converting to ha, acres, km², or ft² is purely a unit step using exact constants.
How do I avoid unit mistakes when passing data between vendors and agencies?
Use explicit unit-suffixed fields like area_m2, area_ha, area_ac, area_km2, and area_ft2. Keep a short methods note in your docs: “Exact constants; round once at presentation.” Include a tiny regression table of known pairs (e.g., 1 ac ↔ 4,046.8564224 m²) and test both directions.
When should I use square kilometers vs. hectares vs. acres?
Square kilometers are ideal for regions and national summaries, hectares for fields and parcels, and acres for U.S.-facing communication. Store m² canonically so you can compute and aggregate precisely, then render the best human-readable unit per audience.
How do I convert between square units when the linear unit changes?
Area scales with the square of the length factor. For instance, 1 km = 1000 m, so 1 km² = (1000 m)² = 1,000,000 m². Then apply the hectare definition: 1 ha = 10,000 m², so 1 km² = 100 ha. Forgetting to square the factor is a common pitfall.
What precision do I need for agricultural land calculators?
For field-level planning and crop budgeting, 2–3 decimals in hectares or acres usually balance readability and accuracy. For subsidy applications or formal surveys, follow the relevant standard or SOP. Regardless, compute in m² and round once on output.
Can I mix units in a single column and tag them with metadata?
Avoid mixed-unit numeric fields. Even with metadata, mixing units increases query friction and conversion risk. Store a single canonical unit (m² is best), then derive hectares, acres, km², ft², or yd² for display.
What about square feet and square yards—when are they appropriate?
Use ft² and yd² for buildings, lots, and site plans where stakeholders think in U.S. customary units. For cross-border comparability, show a secondary metric column (m² or ha). Keep the underlying math in SI and convert at render time.
Do you support small units like cm² and in² for product labels?
Yes—use the square centimeters ↔ square inches tools for packaging, labels, and small components. As always, store one canonical unit in your data pipeline and convert at the edges with a single rounding policy.
Keep This Page Handy
Bookmark this category page for fast access to every land area converter on MetricCalc. As we expand the library, new tools will follow the same layout and rounding philosophy so you can switch units without relearning the interface. If there’s a unit you need next, tell us and we’ll build it with the same exacting standards.